The Titanic must win on ships. It's probably "catastrophes" all the way for that one - like the Lusitania, or even something like the Costa Concordia.
Warships also - the Yamato or the Bismarck, both very, very famous.
For planes the 747 gotta be one of the most recognizable ones. Sure, it's not as special as the Concorde, but it's "the" plane many would think of as a standard plane. Various military airplanes of course, probably depending on country. F-15, Zero, etc. Also stuff like Apache helicopters.
For space; I don't know whether you'd say the shuttle is more famous than any of the rockets, but I suppose those might not count?
Fictional ones would probably be either the Enterprise (Star Trek) or any of the Star Wars ships (does the Death Star count?
).
Cars; yeah, incredibly difficult to say. I mean, if you talk to somebody about a generic BMW Series 3, who doesn't have an idea of how that might look, any time from roughly the 1970s to now? ^^; But it's not really as such an individual vehicle ... not sure about racing cars; they are probably not famous enough in the general public.
I'd also not discount tanks, like the Abrams, T-72, Panzer 3 etc. Also specifically American school buses? Maybe?
Various highspeed trains I'd assume are also quite popular. Shinkansen, ICE and TGV I'd suspect to be heading that last, but maybe others too. Unless we talk about specific models, then again, that's too specific for the general public perhaps.
Maybe some specialty vehicles too; not for overall victory but certainly known to some extend. Like the Bagger 288, simply for being the biggest vehicle.